We’re interviewing the Cuban Libertarian Movement (Movimiento Libertario Cubano – MLC), an organization made up of anarchists in exile in different parts of the world. In these days of apparent change, of transition, as the European and North-American media would have it, it’s of interest to know first hand about what’s happening inside the island. The demise of Fidel Castro has opened up all sorts of speculation about the future of the communist regime due to the first measures the new chief, Raul Castro, has taken. Here’s the interview:

ALB – Hello compas. Let’s begin the interview with some notes on history for our readers. Could you briefly explain the history of the anarchist movement in Cuba?

MLC – Hello! Whoever wants to learn the history of our movement must begin with the work of our comrade Frank Fernandez, _Cuban Anarchism_, published in various languages. In general, the epic described is very similar to that of the anarchist movement in the rest of Latin America with the peculiarity that the late independence of Cuba finds our people involved in that struggle. The first Cuban unions likewise find many anarchists in their midst to be their main animators and such influence continues in certain production sectors until the 50’s, in open confrontation with the Batista dictatorship. Our participation in the struggles of the day came precisely from these syndicates, from the Cuban Libertarian Association (Asociación Libertaria Cubana) and in a smaller measure by comrades affiliated with the 26 of July Movement (Movimiento 26 de Julio). It is noteworthy that during the 50’s the Cuban anarchist movement was one of the most active among its peers in Latin America and took active part in different encounters such as the Anarchist Conference that took place in Montevideo in April 1957, which explicitly supported the struggle by the Cuban people against the Batista dictatorship.

ALB – Something that people in Europe and elsewhere don’t know: What was the role of the Cuban anarchists in the Cuban revolution?

MLC – As we have mentioned, we anarchists rose to the task within our possibilities and from our own revolutionary point of view in the struggle against the dictatorship. Indeed, we joined the general jubilation after the defeat of the Batista forces and the dissolution of its army. However, we also from the beginning maintained an early attitude of mistrust with towards the cult of personality, leadership, nationalist and militarist proclivities incarnated in Fidel Castro and his inner circle. This mistrust was soon justified and reinforced: for example, the direct intervention by Fidel Castro manipulating the X Congress of the Confederation of Cuban Workers (X Congreso de la Confederación de Trabajadores de Cuba) for the benefit of his group and violating the principles of the worker movement’s autonomy. From then on, Cuban anarchists became more radical in their suspicions and adopted a clear stand against the incipient centralization of political power. All this is recorded in a manifest where we openly expressed our fears of the attempts to amass control by the Catholic Church as well as by the Communist Party whose most notorious cadres enjoyed political positions and sinecures during the Batista dictatorship. We’re aware that not everybody in the international anarchist movement shared our critical attitude and not a few kept to the expectative for many years regarding a process that continued monopolizing the meaning of a revolution by then devoid of any revolutionary spirit. Today, and for a long time now, we think it’s no longer debatable that the positions of those Cuban anarchists of 50 years ago proved completely on target. In short, it was nothing but the classic position from the 1st International that revolutions are not promoted, encouraged or radicalized by “revolutionary” governments but that within them you find the bureaucratic and authoritarian germ that ends up by suffocating and annihilating the revolution and imposing itself as the new dominant class in the new State.

ALB – Could you talk about the exile? Was there understanding, support, or on the contrary alienation?

MLC – We can’t talk in the past tense yet. We are still many Cuban anarchists in exile in many parts of the planet. Our exile is as hard as any other exile in terms of separation and alienation with the aggravation that the first comrades who got out of Cuba didn’t have any other choice but to establish themselves in such a hostile milieu as the United States; something not habitually understood but such has been the inexorable destiny to be followed, at least in principle, by Cuban refugees of all times. Most painful was to come face to face with the lack of understanding and alienation we got from certain anarchist groups of Europe and Latin America that would have liked to see us integrated in a transformation that was initially uncritically favored. Not all anarchist groups, of course, reacted the same way and we also received countless displays of solidarity that grew with the years as the Cuban political regime unveiled its true face. Today, those debates from the 60’s have been totally overcome and there isn’t one sane anarchist that still can think about a libertarian evolution coming from a political regime based on absolute control of its subjects and the super-exploitation of the workers; without autonomous organizations independent of the state acting as bulk wards in the struggle against such “super-exploitation” by the state and capital; remember that there are a multitude of capitalist enterprises based in the Spanish State, Canada, Mexico, Japan, France, Italy, etc.

ALB – Let’s talk about the present; Fidel has retired leaving in his place his brother. What has changed in Cuba?

MLC – In our last public declaration – “Something smells different in Cuba”, May 2008 – we tried to clarify that “the changes” happening in Cuba are merely cosmetic and only attempt to generate a “liberalizing” image that doesn’t change the basic functioning of the regime and the institutional power structure: State capitalism, privileges for the haute state bureaucracy and particularly for the armed forces, monopolization by the only party of all the mechanisms of self-expression and decision-making, absolute control over the population, etc. Nevertheless, what is changing is the general attitude of the people: today you can see that the people are losing their fear of repression and have begun to conquer space; the hardships of everyday life can no longer remain hidden and everybody knows it; there are the beginnings of protest more or less organized, etc. All this points the way to possible courses of action: our expectations lay on them and we harbor no illusions with respect to a summit of power that is only trying to win more time.

ALB – In Europe there are reports about the lines that Cubans have to make to buy cell phones or to get internet (among other things), are we going into a spiral of consumerism?

MLC – No, consumerism is not possible in Cuba given that the main worry is to solve the most elemental and immediate things: food, housing, transportation etc. Even more: worker’s salaries do not even cover these needs and they must recur to the rationing book with all its scarcities. What we have in Cuba is a surplus of foreign currency in possession of those who get remittances from their families abroad: this surplus allows for such “luxuries” as computers and cell phones whose purchase has only recently been permitted. The economic debacle the regime is in is of such proportions that at this moment it is quite possible that the remittances of foreign currency surpass the sum of all of the country’s salaries, without exaggeration. This also explains the fact that that approximately 20% of the population of Havana has no interest in getting jobs. Why would somebody who receives some economic help from abroad - always more than the US$20 monthly mean salary - want to work? The regime has no answers to this type of thing and continues in vain the appeals to sacrifice and labor discipline in exchange for nothing, while the ruling class have access to the best goods and services available. Paradoxically there is much unemployment among the social classes historically dispossessed that survive against the current, doing whatever it takes, street peddling, prostitution and expropriation. This – together with a strong racism – institutional and cultural – explains why Cuban jails are full of young Afro-Cubans.

ALB – Is there hope of bigger changes among the people? Are any opposition political groups mobilizing?

MLC – We think that people have lost all hopes and faced with the total prohibition of any alternative form of social and political action they continue to explore the ways to emigrate as the only recourse at hand to escape a situation of open anguish. The “visible” opposition, meanwhile, is nothing but a potpourri without a coherent project, without anything in common but a primitive and visceral opposition to Castro. On the other hand, it is necessary to distinguish the ideological-political profiles of that opposition. It is well known that within this opposition there are sectors ranging from those strongly linked to Yankee diplomacy to those who support a generally self-managed outcome. Obviously, between these two factions there can be no alliance possible. On this point, we anarchists have no choice but to put our hopes in the strengthening of the second option and its gaining larger spaces among the people itself.

ALB – How do you see Hugo Chavez’s influence in the island? He broke the blockade years ago by investing millions in Cuba. Have those investments translated into political influence?

MLC – First we must make clear that the so-called “blockade” is nothing like a commercial closing down of Cuba but a mix of positions adopted by the United States under the name of “embargo” reinforced during republican administrations –with legislation like Helms-Burton and Torricelli’s – that stupidly handicap commercial exchanges but do not stop them: lately the United States has had commerce with Cuba to the tune of US$500 million per year. Cuba’s great problem in this area is its almost non-existent ability to pay, which has made it a universal debtor, even with Latin American countries, exporting doctors, teachers, sports coaches and security advisors. This is the type of relationship Cuba has formed with Chavez’s Venezuela. It is precisely this export of doctors and teachers what explains the undeniable decay in health and education. And also the military advisors that, no doubt, are the source of proposals to start up a unique intelligence and counter-intelligence “agency” that would control and coordinate all repressive enterprises, with a network of paid informants and volunteers throughout the country to watch and control all civic activities, in the image of the feared Cuban G2, that is, Castro’s state security. The Venezuelan people have nicknamed this bad copy “Sapeo Law” - a reference to informants – and even Chavez was recently forced to abolish it. Returning to the question we also have to point out that Cuba has generated a strong dependency on Venezuela, particularly with all things related to obtaining oil. But that dependency has also extended to China’s financing, Cuba’s other large international backer. In terms of political influence we think the Cuban rulers manage it in terms of convenience and at this moment their possibilities of adaptation lean more towards a “Chinese model” than a “Venezuelan model”. However, it is obvious that Cuba will have to follow kicking and screaming Chavez’s initiatives in a Latin American context.

ALB – What about the influence of leftist populist ideas from Latin America?

MLC – The surge of populist ideas certainly gives the Cuban political regime some breathing room, but also alienates it from the most lucid and radical revolutionary and autonomous sectors since these harbor no illusions with respect to governments such as those of Chavez, Morales, Correa or Ortega and certainly Cuban diplomacy will be set against popular mobilizations in Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador or Nicaragua. On the other hand, one needs to place the current populist cycle in Latin America as only an attempt to develop a regional capitalism. It is a fragile cycle still subject to multiple oscillations that don’t afford the Cuban government any guarantees long term. This is one of the reasons why we understand that this government is running against the clock and playing for time. Meanwhile, the populist governments act as an ideological-political rearguard but the most pressing problem for the Cuban government isn’t that but the fact that it can’t even provide decent food for the people and it has to solve this problem before such a regional Latin American capitalist block is formed with a minimum of solvency.

ALB – For several years now news from the MLC appear in the international libertarian press. What is your relationship with other anarchists throughout the world?

MLC – The MLC aspires to better relations with the international anarchist movement. For a good period of time we have overcome diverse resistances and we have strengthened many of our alliances. Many groups have established firm priorities in terms of solidarity with Cuban anarchists such as Group of Support to Independent Libertarians and Syndicalists in Cuba (GALSIC) and Venezuela’s El Libertario, www.nodo50.org/ellibertario. Frank Fernandez’s historical work about our movement has been accepted in the Spanish State by the Anselmo Lorenzo Foundation (Fundación Anselmo Lorenzo), in Italy by Zero in Conduct (Zero in Condotta), in the United States by See Sharp Press and so on. Also, we have worked to make clear our solidarity with anarchist groups everywhere and from the most contemporary currents. This has been possible thanks to the MLC’s configuration which doesn’t exactly follow the pattern of a proper organization but rather has been developing as a coordinating network for Cuban anarchists wherever they may be, and this covers a wide gamut of positions, from anarcho-syndicalism, specifism, neo-platformism, primitivism, insurrectionalism, eco-anarchism and even anarcho-punk; no matter how contradictory or incompatible they might be since the axis or principal motif of this coordination is the solidarity with anarchist comrades, autonomous and independent syndicalists and counter-cultural collectives with the clear objective of fostering a widespread anti-authoritarian movement that will allow the continuity of anarchist ideals so brusquely pruned –but not severed – by the bourgeois dictatorship of the Castro brothers.

Probably there are comrades who still have certain reservations as there are some who still perceive the Cuban State and its governing elite as a revolutionary socialist force. But these cases today are the exception and tend to become merely anecdotic as time goes by. Sooner or later, the MLC is an integral part of the anarchist international movement at the level of any other and soon nobody will doubt it.

ALB – What do you expect will happen in the island in a few years?

MLC – We have spoken about it in previous interviews. Basically we trust in people’s capacity for autonomous organization and there we put our expectations. It’s not a matter of waiting for the ripe fruit to fall but rather to join, within our possibilities, those formative processes of revolutionary anti-authoritarian and self-managed currents inside Cuba. We believe the situation has already produced more than enough reasons for this to happen but we also know that the political regime and the elite in power have been able to act to contain such manifestations to their minimal expression. We are not ignorant of the difficulties faced by militant work in that direction and we also know too well the efficiency demonstrated by the State’s security organisms –the only efficient aspect of the regime – but we will not stop our efforts because that is our only reason for being.

ALB – Lastly, what is the MLC? What kind of people makes it up?

MLC - We have already commented on this. The MLC is a network of Cuban anarchists. As anarchists we are not different from other anarchists who face the domination relationships and the webs of power in which they exist except for the fact – certainly weird – that in our case we face a hierarchical society and a ruling class that still finds justification in the name of “revolution” and “socialism”. The MLC is made up of people who live of their work and who in our everyday lives conduct ourselves by the incorruptible desire to build relationships among free and equal men and women in solidarity. From a generational point of view, the nucleus that tries to maintain alive the anarchist ethos today is no longer composed in its majority –due to obvious biological reasons – by the first group of exiles from the 60’s that founded the MLC in the city of New York, but rather by those of us who had to leave the island in the 70’s, 80’s and 90’s.

ALB – Are there anarchists inside Cuba? How about libertarian groups in exile outside the MLC?

MLC – We know of no other anarchist groups in exile outside the MLC, but it wouldn’t bother us at all if there were, in this case we would try to find them quickly and explore the possibilities of joint actions. In the 80’s two editorial collectives co-existed, one of them around the journal Guangara Libertaria and the other with A Mayor and both co-existed as a coordinating network under the same acronym. As to the existence of anarchists inside Cuba, we can emphatically confirm that they do exist and have been doing so clandestinely and underground for the last half century. The big problem in this case is that those who remained in Cuba have been systematically suppressed each time they dared demonstrate publicly as happened with the agricultural syndicalists of the Zapata Group towards the end of the 70’s and beginning of the 80’s. This is one of the reasons why the anarchists inside have taken great care not to be identified as such and have managed to survive in the shadows. Besides, during the last few years there has been a movement by anti-establishment counter-culture youths that constitutes the ferment for the emergence of a spontaneous kind of anarchism that doesn’t yet have possibilities in the literal sense of the word or in the deeper sense of continued collective praxis. The truth is that surely there are in Cuba many more anarchists than we can even imagine: the spontaneous forms of rebellion that happen are the best breeding grounds for it. One of the immediate challenges we have is to achieve fluidity in these relationships with the “inside”, something that the “prohibitions” continue to present obstacles to.

ALB – What is your relationship with other opposition groups?

MLC – The MLC doesn’t keep formal or stable relations with any group of the so-called opposition; among other things because many of them would be our mortal enemies, if we were all active inside Cuba. It is imperative to be clear on this. The image presented by the most vociferous Cuban exiles is nothing but an attempt to re-instate capitalism – that is, to continue the task begun by the government but incorporating in it the private Cuban capital accumulation from abroad – and holding democratic elections under a parliamentary and party system. But we are anarchists and if such a project would take hold in Cuba we would also be against it. On the other hand, it is clear that there is a fraction of the Cuban exile that, without self-describing as strictly anarchist, agrees with us in vague terms defending a liberalizing and self-managed line, many times even among former socialists or members of the PCC (Cuban Communist Party), today self-described as Trotskyites, Luxemburgists etc. It is possible there wouldn’t be too many problems talking with them, but it is a diffuse and disorganized segment of the exile. Remember also that the exile, in its totality doesn’t correspond, in any way, to the image the Castro propaganda shows which only recognizes the so-called “Miami Mafia” which includes ex-batistians, anexionists, neo-liberals, narco-traffickers and ultranationalists. No! The Cuban exile is composed of a majority of working class people who survive out of the sweat of their brow. We’re talking about a noble people genuinely inspired by the establishment of a set of basic freedoms and respect for human rights inside the island: people who do not have a well defined political project but who want to simply be able to write, travel, organize freely, sing, paint, or do whatever they want without needing the state’s permission. Or simply people who want to go back, to work without exploiting anybody and live decently. With this type of people –the great majority of those in exile – we maintain fraternal relations in whatever part of the world it is our fate to live. It is not about a shared revolutionary program but about the elementary respect that honest, simple working people in Cuba or anywhere else deserve.

[Translation: Luis Jose Prat. Original in Spanish: http://www.alasbarricadas.org/noticias/?q=node/7980]

movimientolibertariocubano@gmail.com // www.mlc.acultura.org.ve

Entrevistamos al Movimiento Libertario Cubano, una organización compuesta por anarquistas exiliados en distintas partes del mundo. En estos tiempos de aparentes cambios, de transición, como lo quieren ver los medios de comunicación de masas europeos y norteamericanos, es interesante conocer una opinión de primera mano sobre lo que está aconteciendo en la isla. El abandono de Fidel Castro ha abierto todo tipo de especulaciones sobre el futuro del régimen comunista animadas por las primeras medidas que ha tomado el nuevo jefe, Raúl Castro. Pasamos a la entrevista:

ALB Noticias - Salud compas. Comencemos la entrevista con algún apunte histórico para nuestras lectoras y lectores. ¿Podríais explicarnos brevemente la historia del movimiento anarquista en Cuba?

MLC - ¡Salud! Bueno, a esos efectos, a quien quiera aproximarse a la historia de nuestro movimiento, no podemos menos que remitirlo al trabajo de nuestro compañero Frank Fernández, _El anarquismo en Cuba_, publicado por la Fundación Anselmo Lorenzo. En líneas generales, la peripecia que allí se narra es aproximadamente similar a la del movimiento anarquista en el resto de América Latina con la peculiaridad de que la tardía independencia cubana encuentra a nuestra gente involucrada en las luchas correspondientes. Los primeros sindicatos cubanos también encuentran en los anarquistas a muchos de sus principales animadores y esa influencia continúa en ciertas ramas productivas hasta los años 50, en pleno enfrentamiento a la dictadura de Batista. Nuestra participación en las luchas de la época se da precisamente desde esos sindicatos, desde la Asociación Libertaria Cubana y en algunos pocos casos también en compañeros incorporados al Movimiento 26 de Julio. Es de destacar que en aquellos años 50, el movimiento anarquista cubano era de los más activos entre sus pares a nivel de los países latinoamericanos y participaba activamente en las distintas instancias de encuentro y relación como la Conferencia Anarquista realizada en Montevideo en abril de 1957 en la que se respalda expresamente las luchas del pueblo cubano contra la dictadura de Batista.

ALB Noticias - Ahora algo que la gente en Europa, y más en general, desconoce, ¿cuál fue el papel de los anarquistas en la revolución cubana?

MLC - Como ya se ha dicho, los anarquistas participamos a la altura de nuestras posibilidades y desde nuestra propia óptica revolucionaria en las luchas contra la dictadura. Y, por cierto, nos sumamos al júbilo general que significó la derrota de las fuerzas batistianas y la disolución de su ejército. No obstante, también mantuvimos una muy temprana actitud de desconfianza respecto a las posiciones personalistas, caudillistas, nacionalistas y militaristas que encarnaban Fidel Castro y su círculo íntimo. Esa desconfianza encontró rápidamente sustentos que la justificaron y la reforzaron: por ejemplo, la intervención directa de Fidel Castro manipulando en beneficio de su gente el X Congreso de la Confederación de Trabajadores de Cuba y violentando los principios de autonomía del movimiento obrero. A partir de allí, los anarquistas cubanos radicalizamos nuestras suspicacias y adoptamos una clara actitud contraria a la incipiente centralización del poder político. Todo esto quedó registrado en un manifiesto donde señalábamos abiertamente nuestros temores ante los intentos de control, tanto por parte de la iglesia católica como del Partido Comunista que, como dato curioso, hay que destacar que durante la dictadura batistiana, muchos de sus cuadros más destacados gozaban de puestos políticos y prebendas. Somos concientes de que no todo el movimiento anarquista internacional compartió de buenas a primeras nuestra actitud crítica y no pocos mantuvieron por años una actitud de expectativa frente a un proceso que continuó monopolizando los significados de la revolución pero ya sin aliento revolucionario alguno. Hoy por hoy y desde hace ya mucho tiempo, creemos que no hay discusión alguna en cuanto a que aquellas posiciones de los anarquistas cubanos de casi 50 años atrás demostraron ser plenamente acertadas. En definitiva, no se trató más que de las posiciones clásicas desde la 1ª Internacional respecto a que las revoluciones no son promovidas ni incentivadas ni radicalizadas desde los gobiernos “revolucionarios” sino que en ellos se encuentra el germen burocrático y autoritario que acaba por asfixiarlas y aniquilarlas imponiéndose como la nueva clase dominante del nuevo Estado.

ALB Noticias - ¿Podrían hablarnos de cómo les fue en el exilio? ¿Hubo comprensión, apoyo, o por el contrario aislamiento?

MLC - Bueno, aquí aún no podemos hablar en pretérito. Somos muchos los anarquistas cubanos que seguimos exilados en infinidad de lugares del planeta. El exilio de los anarquistas cubanos tiene la dureza de cualquier exilio en términos de separación y extrañamiento con el agravante de que los primeros compañeros que salieron de Cuba no tuvieron más alternativa que radicarse en un medio tan hostil como los Estados Unidos; algo que habitualmente no se entiende pero que ha sido el destino inexorable que debieron seguir, al menos en principio, los refugiados cubanos de todas las épocas. Pero más doloroso fue enfrentarse a la incomprensión y el vacío recogidos de parte de algunas agrupaciones anarquistas en América Latina y en Europa que hubieran querido vernos integrados en un curso de transformaciones que inicialmente contó con todos los favores y muy pocas reservas críticas. Por supuesto que no todas las agrupaciones anarquistas reaccionaron del mismo modo y también recogimos innumerables muestras de solidaridad que fueron ensanchándose con los años en la misma medida que el régimen político cubano comenzaba a mostrar su verdadero rostro. Hoy, aquellas discusiones de los años 60 están completamente superadas y no hay un solo anarquista en sus cabales que todavía pueda suponer una evolución libertaria a partir de un régimen político basado en el control absoluto de sus súbditos y en la super-explotación de sus trabajadores, sin organizaciones autónomas e independientes del Estado que le sirvan de trinchera de lucha contra esta “super-explotación” del Estado y del capital, recordemos que en la Isla operan infinidad de empresas capitalistas con matriz en el Estado español, en Canadá, en México, en Japón, en Francia, Italia, etc.

ALB Noticias - Pasemos a la actualidad; Fidel se ha retirado, poniendo en su lugar a su hermano. ¿Qué ha cambiado en Cuba?

MLC - En nuestra última declaración pública -“Algo huele a diferente en Cuba”, publicada en A las barricadas- intentamos dejar en claro que los “cambios” que están dándose en Cuba son meramente cosméticos y sólo apuntan a generar una apariencia “liberalizadora” que no modifica las pautas básicas de funcionamiento del régimen y la estructura institucional de poder: capitalismo de Estado, privilegios de la alta burocracia estatal y particularmente de las fuerzas armadas, monopolización por parte del partido único de todos los mecanismos de expresión y decisión, control absoluto de la población, etc.. No obstante, lo que sí está cambiando es la actitud general de la gente: hoy se nota que la gente misma está perdiendo el miedo a la represión y ha comenzado a ganar espacios; las penurias de la vida cotidiana son inocultables y eso se está proclamando a voz en cuello; hay inicios de protestas más o menos organizadas, etc. Todo eso configura cursos probables de acción: nuestras expectativas están depositadas en los mismos y no nos hacemos la más mínima ilusión respecto a una cúpula de poder que sólo está empeñada en ganar tiempo.

ALB Noticias - En Europa se dan reportes sobre las colas que hacen los cubanos para comprar teléfonos móviles o para conseguir Internet (entre otras cosas), ¿se ha entrado en una espiral de consumismo?

MLC - No, el consumismo es impracticable en Cuba por cuanto las preocupaciones están centradas en resolver las cosas más inmediatas y elementales: la alimentación, la vivienda, el transporte, etc. Incluso más: los ingresos salariales de los trabajadores cubanos ni siquiera permiten atender adecuadamente esas necesidades y deben recurrir para su “satisfacción” a las escaseces implícitas en la libreta de racionamiento. Lo que sí hay en Cuba es un plus en moneda extranjera en posesión de aquellas personas que cuentan con las remesas que puedan enviarles sus familiares en el exterior: es ese plus lo que permite esos “lujos” como computadoras y teléfonos celulares cuya compra ha sido recientemente habilitada. El desbarajuste económico en que está sumido el régimen es de tal proporción que en este momento es muy probable que las remesas de divisas superen a toda la masa salarial del país, sin ser exagerados. Esto también explicaría el hecho de que aproximadamente el 20% de la población de La Habana ni siquiera tenga interés en trabajar. ¿Para que querría trabajar alguien que recibe algún tipo de apoyo económico desde el exterior que siempre superará holgadamente los 20 dólares mensuales de salario promedio? El régimen no tiene respuestas para este tipo de cosas y de nada le servirá seguir apelando al sacrificio y a la disciplina laboral a cambio de nada y eso mientras la clase dirigente sí tiene acceso a los mejores bienes y servicios disponibles. Pero, paradójicamente, existe un desempleo enorme en las capas sociales históricamente desposeídas que sobreviven a contracorriente, recurriendo a lo que sea, al ambulantaje, a la prostitución y a la expropiación. Esto, de la mano de un fuerte racismo –institucional y cultural– explica, porque las cárceles en Cuba están repletas de jóvenes afrocubanos.

ALB Noticias - ¿Hay alguna esperanza de cambios mayores entre la gente? ¿Se está movilizando algún grupo político de la oposición?

MLC - Nosotros pensamos que la gente ha perdido toda esperanza y ante la completa clausura de cualquier forma alternativa de acción social y política continúa explorando las vías de la emigración como el único recurso a mano para escapar a una situación de angustia inocultable. La oposición “visible”, mientras tanto, no es más que una olla de grillos carente de un proyecto coherente y que no tiene ningún punto en común que vaya más allá de un anti-castrismo primitivo y visceral. Por otra parte, es imprescindible distinguir los perfiles ideológico-políticos que deja ver esa oposición. Es sabido por todos que dentro de esa denominación se mueven desde sectores fuertemente ligados a la diplomacia yankee hasta quienes sostienen lo imprescindible de una salida autogestionaria generalizada. Y como es obvio, entre esas dos fracciones no hay aleación posible. En este punto, a los anarquistas no nos queda otra opción que cifrar nuestras expectativas en que vaya adquiriendo fuerza la opción señalada en segundo término y en que ésta gane espacios incrementados entre la gente misma.

ALB Noticias - ¿Cómo ven la influencia de Hugo Chávez en la isla? Hace años que rompió el bloqueo invirtiendo millonadas en Cuba. ¿Se ha trasladado esa inversión monetaria en influencia política?

MLC - Lo primero que hay que aclarar frente a esta pregunta es que el llamado “bloqueo” no es nada que se parezca a una clausura comercial de Cuba sino un conjunto de disposiciones adoptadas por los Estados Unidos bajo lo que denominan “embargo” reforzado durante las administraciones republicanas -con leyes como la Helms-Burton y Torriccelli- que estúpidamente dificultan los intercambios comerciales pero no los impiden: los Estados Unidos mismos han tenido en los últimos tiempos un comercio con Cuba de alrededor de 500 millones de dólares anuales. El gran problema de Cuba en este terreno radica en su prácticamente nula capacidad de pago, lo que la ha transformado virtualmente en un deudor universal, incluso con los países latinoamericanos. Por esta razón se ha visto obligada a pagar con servicios a algunos países, sobre todo latinoamericanos, exportando médicos, maestros, entrenadores deportivos y asesores en seguridad. Éste es el tipo de relación que Cuba ha entablado con la Venezuela de Chávez. Y es precisamente la exportación de médicos y maestros una de las razones que explican el deterioro innegable de la salud y la educación. Y bueno, los asesores militares que, sin duda alguna, es de donde vienen las propuestas para echar andar una “agencia” de inteligencia y contra-inteligencia, única, que controle y coordine todas las corporaciones represivas, con una red de informantes a sueldo y voluntarios por todo el país que vigile y controle todas las actividades ciudadanas. A imagen y semejanza del temido G2 cubano, o sea, la seguridad del Estado castrista. A esta mala copia el pueblo venezolano la ha denominado “Ley Sapeo” –haciendo referencia a los soplones– y el propio Chávez se vio recientemente obligado a derogarla.

Y bueno, regresando a la pregunta; aquí además hay que señalar que Cuba ha generado una fuerte dependencia con respecto a Venezuela, fundamentalmente en todo cuanto tiene que ver con el abastecimiento petrolero. Pero también ha extendido esa dependencia de financiación externa con China, la que hoy constituye su otro gran respaldo internacional. Y en términos de influencia política creemos que la cúpula dirigente cubana se maneja fundamentalmente en base a sus cálculos endógenos de conveniencia y en estos momentos sus posibilidades de adaptación tienden más a la adopción de un “modelo chino” que de un “modelo venezolano”. No obstante, es obvio que Cuba habrá de acompañar así sea entre rezongos y a regañadientes las iniciativas de Chávez en el contexto latinoamericano.

ALB Noticias - ¿Y la influencia de las ideas populistas de izquierda en América Latina?

MLC - El auge de las ideas populistas ciertamente le da un respiro al régimen político cubano pero también lo alejan de los sectores revolucionarios y autónomos más lúcidos y radicales puesto que éstos no se formulan ilusiones demasiado pronunciadas respecto a gobiernos como el de Chávez, Morales, Correa u Ortega y no pocas veces la diplomacia cubana quedará enfrentada a las movilizaciones populares de Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador o Nicaragua. Por otra parte, hay que ubicar el actual ciclo populista en América Latina nada más que como un intento desarrollista y de formación de un capitalismo regional. Es un ciclo frágil y sujeto todavía a múltiples oscilaciones que no le ofrece al gobierno cubano ninguna garantía de largo plazo. Esta es una de las razones por las cuales entendemos que el gobierno cubano está jugando una carrera contra-reloj y ganando tiempo. Mientras tanto, los gobiernos populistas operan como retaguardia ideológico-política pero el problema más acuciante del régimen cubano no radica allí sino que consiste en que ya ni siquiera está en condiciones de alimentar decorosamente a la población y tiene que hacerlo antes que se forme con un mínimo de solvencia ese bloque de capitalismo regional latinoamericano.

ALB Noticias - Desde hace años las noticias del MLC salen publicadas en la prensa libertaria internacional, ¿qué relación tienen con los anarquistas del resto del mundo?

MLC - El MLC aspira a tener las mejores relaciones con el movimiento anarquista internacional. Desde hace un buen tiempo hemos vencido diversas resistencias más o menos atávicas y hemos fortalecido muchos de nuestros vínculos. Incluso, encontramos núcleos que han establecido firmes prioridades en términos de solidaridad con los anarquistas cubanos como es el caso del Grupo de Apoyo a los Libertarios y Sindicalistas Independientes en Cuba (GALSIC) y El Libertario de Venezuela . El trabajo histórico de Frank Fernández sobre nuestro movimiento ha sido acogido en el Estado español por la Fundación Anselmo Lorenzo, en Italia por Zero in Condotta, en Estados Unidos por See Sharp Press y, así sucesivamente. Por otra parte, nos hemos preocupado por dejar clara nuestra solidaridad con grupos anarquistas de los más diversos lugares y de las más variadas corrientes contemporáneas. Esto ha sido posible gracias a la configuración del MLC que no responde exactamente a la lógica de una organización propiamente sino que se ha venido desarrollando como una red de coordinación de los anarquistas cubanos donde quiera que estén y, esto, desde luego, abarca una amplia gama de posiciones que van desde el anarco-sindicalismo, el especificismo, el neoplataformismo, el primitivismo, el insurreccionalismo, el eco-anarquismo hasta el anarcopunk; sin importar qué tan contradictorias e incompatibles sean ya que los ejes o los motivos principales de esta coordinación son la solidaridad con los compañeros anarquistas, los sindicalistas autónomos e independientes y los colectivos contraculturales con el claro y decidido objetivo de fomentar un movimiento antiautoritario amplio que nos permita dar continuidad a las ideas anarquistas tan bruscamente podadas –que no cortadas– por la dictadura burguesa de los hermanos Castro.

Es probable que algunos compañeros conserven todavía ciertas reservas puesto que, inconcebiblemente, hay quienes siguen percibiendo al Estado cubano y a su élite gobernante como una fuerza revolucionaria y socialista. Pero estos casos hoy son excepcionales y tienden a volverse meramente anecdóticos a medida que pasa el tiempo. A la corta o a la larga, el MLC es un integrante más del movimiento anarquista internacional a la altura de cualquier otro y muy pronto no quedará nadie que lo ponga en duda.

ALB Noticias - ¿Qué es lo que esperan ustedes que ocurra en la isla en unos años?

MLC - Algo hemos dicho al respecto en alguna de las respuestas anteriores. Básicamente confiamos en la capacidad de organización autónoma de la gente y en ello ciframos nuestras mayores expectativas. Pero no se trata de esperar que caigan mangos maduros por su propio peso sino que se trata de acompañar en el marco de nuestras posibilidades esos procesos de formación de una corriente definidamente revolucionaria antiautoritaria y autogestionaria dentro de Cuba. Creemos que la situación ya ha generado razones más que suficientes para que esto ocurra pero también sabemos que el régimen político y la élite del poder han sabido ingeniárselas para contener estas manifestaciones en su mínima expresión. No desconocemos las dificultades de un trabajo militante en ese sentido y bien que conocemos la eficacia demostrada por los órganos de seguridad del Estado –es el único aspecto en el que el régimen se muestra eficaz– pero no habremos de cejar en nuestro empeño porque ésa es en definitiva nuestra razón de ser.

ALB Noticias - Para finalizar, ¿qué es el MLC? ¿qué tipo de gente lo compone?

MLC - Bueno, esto en parte ya lo hemos comentado. El MLC es una red anarquista de cubanos. En tanto anarquistas no tenemos particularidad alguna respecto a cualesquiera otros anarquistas que se enfrentan a las relaciones de dominación y a las tramas de poder de que forman parte salvo la situación –ciertamente extraña– de que en nuestro caso nos enfrentamos a una sociedad jerárquica y una clase dominante que todavía se justifican en nombre de la “revolución” y el “socialismo”. El MLC está compuesto por personas que vivimos de nuestro trabajo y que en nuestra vida diaria orientamos nuestra conducta por el deseo insobornable de construir relaciones de convivencia entre hombres y mujeres libres, iguales y solidarios. Desde el punto de vista generacional, el núcleo que intenta mantener vivas las tensiones de los anarquistas cubanos hoy ya no está compuesto mayoritariamente –por razones biológicas obvias– por la primera camada de compañeros exiliados de los años 60 que “fundaron” el MLC en la ciudad de Nueva York, sino que aquel núcleo ha sido sustituido casi totalmente por quienes tuvimos que abandonar la Isla en los años 70, 80 y 90.

ALB Noticias - ¿Existen anarquistas en el interior de Cuba? ¿y grupos libertarios en el exilio que no estén en el MLC?

MLC - No conocemos otros grupos anarquistas del exilio fuera del MLC pero no nos molestaría en absoluto que existieran: en ese caso, trataríamos de encontrarnos rápidamente y explorar cuáles serían las posibilidades de presentación y actuación conjuntas. En la década del ochenta coexistieron dos colectivos editoriales, uno nucleados en torno a la publicación Guángara Libertaria y, el otro en la publicación A Mayor pero ambos convivían a manera de red cordinadora bajo las mismas siglas.

En cuanto a la existencia de anarquistas en el interior de Cuba, podemos afirmar enfáticamente que sí existen y que han existido soterrada y clandestinamente durante el último medio siglo. El gran problema en ese caso es que quienes permanecieron dentro de Cuba han sido reprimidos sistemáticamente toda vez que osaron manifestarse públicamente como fue el caso de los sindicalistas agrarios del Grupo Zapata a fines de los años 70 y comienzos de los 80. Ésa es una de las razones por las cuales los anarquistas del “interior” se han cuidado en grado sumo por no ser identificados como tales y se las han ingeniado para sobrevivir en las penumbras. Por otra parte, en los últimos años se ha gestado una contracultura juvenil contestataria que se constituye como fermento de la emergencia de un anarquismo espontáneo que no cuenta todavía a su alrededor con posibilidades formativas en el sentido libresco del término y tampoco en aquel sentido más profundo de una práctica colectiva continuada. Pero lo cierto es que seguramente en Cuba hay muchos más anarquistas de los que nosotros mismos podemos suponer: las formas espontáneas de rebeldía que se están dando son un inmejorable caldo de cultivo para ello. Frente a esto, uno de los desafíos inmediatos que tenemos planteados es darle fluidez a esas relaciones con el “interior”; algo que las “prohibiciones” continúan obstaculizando persistentemente.

ALB Noticias - ¿Qué relación tienen con otros grupos de la oposición?

MLC - El MLC no mantiene relaciones formales ni estables con ningún grupo de la llamada “oposición”; entre otras cosas porque muchos de ellos serían nuestros adversarios irreconciliables o enemigos naturales, si todos estuviéramos actuando dentro de Cuba. En esto es absolutamente imprescindible establecer distinciones claras. La imagen que ofrece el exilio cubano más vocinglero no tiene demasiado que ver con otra cosa que no sea completar la restauración capitalista –es decir, continuar la tarea ya emprendida por el gobierno pero incorporando a la misma la acumulación capitalista cubana privada que se ha dado fuera del país– y la realización de elecciones democráticas en un régimen parlamentario y pluripartidista. Pero nosotros somos anarquistas y si tal proyecto llegara a prosperar en Cuba estaríamos también radicalmente enfrentados al mismo. Por otra parte, es claro que existe una fracción del exilio cubano que, sin reconocerse como anarquistas en sentido estricto, coincide con nosotros en los términos un poco más vagos de defender lineamientos libertarizantes y autogestionarios –muchas veces incluso entre antiguos socialistas o afiliados del PCC, ahora asumidos como trotskistas, luxemburguistas; etc. Es probable que no habría demasiados problemas en conversar orgánicamente con ellos, pero se trata de un segmento difuso y no organizado del exilio. Recordemos también que el “exilio” en su totalidad no responde, para nada, a la representación que hace la propaganda castrista que sólo reconoce a la denominada “Mafia de Miami”, donde engloba a exbatistianos, anexionistas, neo-liberales, narcotraficantes y ultranacionalistas ¡No! Definitivamente el exilio cubano está compuesto por una mayoritaria clase trabajadora que sobrevive gracias al sudor de su frente. Con ellos nos planteamos otra cosa en términos de relaciones individuales. Hablamos de gente noble y genuinamente inspirada en el establecimiento de un esquema de libertades básicas y de respeto a los derechos humanos dentro de la isla: gente que no tiene un proyecto político afinado pero que quiere poder simplemente escribir, viajar, organizarse libremente, cantar, pintar o hacer lo que le venga en gana sin requerir para ello la autorización del Estado. O simplemente gente que quiere regresar, trabajar sin explotar a nadie y vivir decorosamente. Con ese tipo de gente –la gran mayoría del exilio– mantenemos relaciones fraternales en el lugar del mundo en que nos haya tocado estar. Se trata no de un proyecto revolucionario compartido pero sí del respeto elemental que nos merece la gente honesta, sencilla y trabajadora de Cuba y de cualquier otro solar de la aldea global.

[http://www.alasbarricadas.org/noticias/?q=node/7980]

Indeed, something begins to smell different in Cuba; perhaps in tune with the flavor of the post-Fidel era. For starters, that verbosity that filled all spaces until the 26 of July of 2006 is no longer there, where it was heard for almost half a century. Since then, the prostrate “commander” has begun to write, but we all know that the written word doesn’t have the same spell as the spoken word and even less when it is elusive, erratic and lacking in interest to anybody who thinks outside of the personality cult. Maybe that is why so many, more than was foreseen, in the streets, in clandestine films, in household blogs, show a desire to liberate the people’s voice from the ties that bounded it. Even the first violins in the governmental orchestra, surely egged on by the same old confidential and carefully whispered commentaries growing louder by the day, have no choice but to recognize what would have been unthinkable years ago. Vice-president Carlos Lage, for example, recently proclaimed at the VII congress of the UNEAC (National Union of Cuban Writers and Artists): “The dual morality, the prohibitions, a press that doesn’t write of our reality as we would like to, the unwelcome inequalities, our dilapidated infrastructure, are wounds of war, but of a war we have won.”
(http://www.kaosenlared.net/noticia/siento-hoy-mas-orgu...). It’s transition language, no doubt, since they can’t even keep alive much longer those moribund triumphal bellicose airs after admitting that the wounds are too many and too severe for a political regime self-conceived and presented to the world as “revolutionary” and “socialist”; even admitting that the military victory only means keeping the elite in power.

Even more direct and piercing than Lage’s was the language used by Alfredo Guevara in the aforementioned congress of the UNEAC, charging against undeniable stalwarts of “revolutionary” pride such as the educational achievements. About them, Guevara asked himself: “Can the primary, secondary and pre-university schools, such as they have become, managed by absurd criteria and ignorant of elementary pedagogic and psychological principles, violating family rights, be the forming mold for children and adolescents, and hence of the future?” He answers that “it can never be solidly built out of dogma, stubbornness, ignorance of reality or by dismissing whistleblowers and the citizenship”. This is a clear show of disconformities and even sorrow that Guevara quickly extended to the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television –under the direct supervision of the Ideological Department of the Communist Party – whose offices he called “neo-colonial media with its stupid programming dominated by such enormous ignorance that they don’t even know they are allies of capitalism in their obscene manifestation”
(http://www.kaosenlared.net/noticia/peor-enemigo-revolu...). Such discourses, however, in spite of their virulence and their bitter complaints, don’t quite criticize in depth the whole power scheme nor disturb its survival.

* Old perfume in new bottles?

The web of power doesn’t seem to have changed too much besides the loss of its charismatic component. There will no longer be a Moses to guide the people through the Red Sea nor to angrily smash the tablets, and everybody knows there is no marketing campaign capable of rendering Raul Castro a seducer. Therefore, the state’s discourse, suddenly deprived of its most inspiring flights of fancy, doesn’t have any other recourse than minimal sincerity and appeals to efficiency.

Today everybody knows – and now by word of the highest hierarchy of the State or its press – that Cuba can’t produce enough food for its population, that agriculture is in a ruinous situation without immediate solution, that the transportation system is ancient, that a good portion of the population of Havana able to work doesn’t even bother to obtain employment because it’s just not worth the trouble!
(http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/21/nacional/artic...) that there continues to be a deficit in water transport, etc. Everybody also knows about the “excess of prohibitions and legal measures that hurt more than they help” because, a few months before Lage, the then acting and later elected, President Raul Castro said it that way in person during his year-end speech at the National Assembly of Popular Power
(http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2007/diciembre/sabado29/d...) Nobody doubts that this all has to change and there are very few remaining that have not yet become aware that credit is for a finite time and patience runs thin. For the great majority of the people the changes have to be now –hic et nunc, they would say in Latin- or they will never happen.

But of course, those changes are in the hands of the same people who should take responsibility for the situation and that’s why you can’t expect much from intelligences and attitudes that up to now they haven’t been able to demonstrate. For this reason the “changes” that have been proposed are trivial: permits for the sale of certain medicines in the neighborhood pharmacies or cell phones which until yesterday were only available from a friend visiting from abroad, permits for farmers to buy agricultural tools, seeds and fertilizer! And also for the permanent use of unproductive state land, permits for computer access, DVD’s and car alarms for those with convertible currency, and also allowing Cubans to stay at the hotels that up top now were reserved exclusively for foreign tourists. What is surprising is not the fact that such prohibitions have been lifted but that such mundane things have been prohibited at all! Meanwhile, there’s a fundamental permit among so many others we still don’t have: Cubans will have to wait a while longer so that a trip abroad will not constitute a via crucis.

The old “commander” stirs in anger or anguish in his convalescent bed and in a letter to the UNEAC congress he expresses the annoyance that an eventual flood of appliances would provoke in him: “Can we even guarantee mental and physical health with the unknown effects of so many electromagnetic waves for which neither the human body nor the human mind have evolved?. The UNEAC congress can not fail to address these thorny issues”,
(http://www.kaosenlared.net/noticia/carta-fidel-vii-con...). His apocalyptic roaring is significant; mostly because he himself has been during all these years the Cuban most exposed to such “electromagnetic waves”. On the other hand there is a certain enigmatic tone in his exhortation to a congress of intellectuals and artists to take on a subject for which, in principle, other disciplines would be better suited to handle. Is it a last minute search for allies; a dramatic call for help to those who share his authoritarian atavisms?

Beyond these comings and goings, it’s time to get used to the idea that the coming avalanche of “liberties” is not general and even less constitutes an abandonment of the harsh punitive measures or of the classic and absurd prohibitions: not paying your bus fare, with its attendant disturbance may be considered an “act of vandalism” that will land its perpetrators in jail (http://www.noticiasdeautobus/tag/sucesos/page/11/), while those who want to have their own blog will be blocked under the assumption that, by its circulation and use of certain programs, they may endanger “national security”
(http://www.kaosenlared.net/noticia/potro-salvaje-tumbo...). Some prohibitions, considered “excessive”, begin to fall on their own weight, but none of that for the time being enables the institutionalized promotion of essential freedoms; amply demonstrated by the harassment of counter-cultural youth initiatives. We can show as evidence the citations and “inconveniences” suffered by the rock band Porno para Ricardo and in particular the harassment of its lead singer Gorki Aguila.

* Self-management: aroma of freedom and equality in solidarity

Something smells different in Cuba, yes; but not enough to harbor too many illusions about the strategy for change that seems to guide the steps of the fossilized “vanguard”. In our view, the current flexibility is due to certain basic political and economic reasons. Among the political reasons, it’s worthwhile to note in the first place the need to make it understood that a change of orientation is taking place and that such change is the telltale sign of the transition from one Castro to another; and second, it’s urgent to encourage minimal expectations in a population that has begun to show with increasing clarity its growing discontent. Among the economic reasons these measures are geared to obtaining additional dollars to revitalize the state’s coffers that are in no condition to finance the importation of basic needs and for which the large Venezuelan subsidy is not enough; a contribution of foreign currency not everybody can afford. Betting mid-term the most frantic search surely consists of finding a way for the nation to recover lost productivity levels and food self-sufficiency before the situation really gets unbearable. Along this road, and not as the result of a coherent project, it is a matter of adopting the “Chinese model” in combination with other initiatives along the “Vietnamese model”, as has been recognized by Omar Everleny, university professor and high level director of the Center for the Study of Cuban Economy (http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latinamerica/newsid73...). Meanwhile, Raul Castro was more eloquent in his year-end speech and together with his wishes for a happy 2008, he said goodbye with the vanguard “materialist” equivalent of governmental hocus pocus: “Let’s work hard!” (http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2007/diciembre sabado29/deseo-e.html).

The political regime wants to show a more flexible face, but that doesn’t seem to be anything other than a self-preservation tactic; something that the stubbornness and pride of the “commander in chief” had not allowed up to now. The extensive network of State repression and control is intact but, even so, we must celebrate that in Cuba there is a healthy tendency to broadcast a discourse different from the official one: one with a different content, different shades, and different rhythm, via other media that are not those still strictly controlled by the government. For the time being, criticism of the complete control of the economy by the state and the mayhem produced during long decades by centralized planning as well as the radical feeling of alienation that the Cuban workers feel towards the “socialist” production structure have led some analysts to return to self-management proposals; about which we anarchists have something to say.

The first thing we have to say is that self-management is not a cosmetic nor a band aid but rather an integral conception totally against private or state capitalism; an idea that rivals any other model of production, distribution and trade and which exists as a whole, without impediments or caveats, only as much as it can be generalized to all spheres of society. In short, self-management can not be understood as a test tube baby, as some practice worthy only of minimalist and isolated experimentation but as a model for relations between free, equal beings in solidarity, capable of deciding, individually and collectively, the affairs of their lives. Just as centralized state planning and market competitiveness require totality, a self-managed economy also wants to be plenary, seeking expression on levels that are not purely economical but include people’s whole lives. Self-management is not a decoration but a principle, is not a model for the occasion but a liberating and revolutionary project by which people can re-invent Cuban society.

Thus, many of us fear that the seditious “self-management” proposals circulating around Cuba can’t go further than the search for a renewed identification of the workers with the state’s enterprises aimed at increasing productivity, something the government may concede with a dropper to small agricultural cooperatives connected with the food industry. That is why it is not generalized and genuine self-management but another turn of the governmental screw that allows the elite the power to extend its time frame and to renew its capacity to control the workers.

Self-management, as we anarchists understand it, can’t even be thought of if it isn’t based on widespread people’s freedom and autonomy for grass roots organizations. To put it clearly: those seditious “self-managers” manifesting in Cuba today will only appreciate one part of the problem as long as they’re not capable of seeing that self-management is not possible in a repressive milieu with an exuberant military and police apparatus, with a monopoly by the only party over all the mechanisms of expression and decision making and with a perpetual disciplinary alignment of “mass” organizations with the power elite. As long as this doesn’t change, it is true that something begins to smell different in Cuba but it is also true that the government continues to act as the most efficient deodorant. Once again we’ll have to opt not for faith in the worn out machinery of domination but in trusting people’s capacity for conquering and expanding their own spaces of freedom. To remember these things on such emblematic occasion as May Day is for the Cuban Libertarian Movement another signature of its dedication to anarchism and socialism; it is our emotional evocation of our far away roots and above all a committed reaffirmation of a horizon of freedom in unmistakable brother/sisterhood with all the people worldwide who struggle for their freedom.

Cuban Libertarian Movement - May 2008
movimientolibertariocubano@gmail.com

[For more information about the Cuban Libertarian Movement go see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Libertarian_Movemen.... Or Google Cuban Libertarian Movement.]